tf.compat.v1.nn.sampled_softmax_loss

Computes and returns the sampled softmax training loss.

tf.compat.v1.nn.sampled_softmax_loss(
    weights,
    biases,
    labels,
    inputs,
    num_sampled,
    num_classes,
    num_true=1,
    sampled_values=None,
    remove_accidental_hits=True,
    partition_strategy='mod',
    name='sampled_softmax_loss',
    seed=None
)

This is a faster way to train a softmax classifier over a huge number of classes.

This operation is for training only. It is generally an underestimate of the full softmax loss.

A common use case is to use this method for training, and calculate the full softmax loss for evaluation or inference. In this case, you must set partition_strategy="div" for the two losses to be consistent, as in the following example:

if mode == "train":
  loss = tf.nn.sampled_softmax_loss(
      weights=weights,
      biases=biases,
      labels=labels,
      inputs=inputs,
      ...,
      partition_strategy="div")
elif mode == "eval":
  logits = tf.matmul(inputs, tf.transpose(weights))
  logits = tf.nn.bias_add(logits, biases)
  labels_one_hot = tf.one_hot(labels, n_classes)
  loss = tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
      labels=labels_one_hot,
      logits=logits)

See our Candidate Sampling Algorithms Reference (pdf). Also see Section 3 of (Jean et al., 2014) for the math.

weights A Tensor of shape [num_classes, dim], or a list of Tensor objects whose concatenation along dimension 0 has shape [num_classes, dim]. The (possibly-sharded) class embeddings.
biases A Tensor of shape [num_classes]. The class biases.
labels A Tensor of type int64 and shape [batch_size, num_true]. The target classes. Note that this format differs from the labels argument of nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits.
inputs A Tensor of shape [batch_size, dim]. The forward activations of the input network.
num_sampled An int. The number of classes to randomly sample per batch.
num_classes An int. The number of possible classes.
num_true An int. The number of target classes per training example.
sampled_values a tuple of (sampled_candidates, true_expected_count, sampled_expected_count) returned by a *_candidate_sampler function. (if None, we default to log_uniform_candidate_sampler)
remove_accidental_hits A bool. whether to remove "accidental hits" where a sampled class equals one of the target classes. Default is True.
partition_strategy A string specifying the partitioning strategy, relevant if len(weights) > 1. Currently "div" and "mod" are supported. Default is "mod". See tf.nn.embedding_lookup for more details.
name A name for the operation (optional).
seed random seed for candidate sampling. Default to None, which doesn't set the op-level random seed for candidate sampling.

A batch_size 1-D tensor of per-example sampled softmax losses.

On Using Very Large Target Vocabulary for Neural Machine Translation: Jean et al., 2014 (pdf)