tf.estimator.MultiHead

Creates a Head for multi-objective learning.

Inherits From: Head

tf.estimator.MultiHead(
    heads, head_weights=None
)

This class merges the output of multiple Head objects. Specifically:

  • For training, sums losses of each head, calls train_op_fn with this final loss.
  • For eval, merges metrics by adding head.name suffix to the keys in eval metrics, such as precision/head1.name, precision/head2.name.
  • For prediction, merges predictions and updates keys in prediction dict to a 2-tuple, (head.name, prediction_key). Merges export_outputs such that by default the first head is served.

Usage:

head1 = tf.estimator.MultiLabelHead(n_classes=2, name='head1')
head2 = tf.estimator.MultiLabelHead(n_classes=3, name='head2')
multi_head = tf.estimator.MultiHead([head1, head2])
logits = {
   'head1': np.array([[-10., 10.], [-15., 10.]], dtype=np.float32),
   'head2': np.array([[20., -20., 20.], [-30., 20., -20.]],
   dtype=np.float32),}
labels = {
   'head1': np.array([[1, 0], [1, 1]], dtype=np.int64),
   'head2': np.array([[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]], dtype=np.int64),}
features = {'x': np.array(((42,),), dtype=np.float32)}
# For large logits, sigmoid cross entropy loss is approximated as:
# loss = labels * (logits < 0) * (-logits) +
#        (1 - labels) * (logits > 0) * logits =>
# head1: expected_unweighted_loss = [[10., 10.], [15., 0.]]
# loss1 = ((10 + 10) / 2 + (15 + 0) / 2) / 2 = 8.75
# head2: expected_unweighted_loss = [[20., 20., 20.], [30., 0., 0]]
# loss2 = ((20 + 20 + 20) / 3 + (30 + 0 + 0) / 3) / 2 = 15.00
# loss = loss1 + loss2 = 8.75 + 15.00 = 23.75
loss = multi_head.loss(labels, logits, features=features)
print('{:.2f}'.format(loss.numpy()))
23.75
eval_metrics = multi_head.metrics()
updated_metrics = multi_head.update_metrics(
  eval_metrics, features, logits, labels)
for k in sorted(updated_metrics):
 print('{} : {:.2f}'.format(k, updated_metrics[k].result().numpy()))
auc/head1 : 0.17
auc/head2 : 0.33
auc_precision_recall/head1 : 0.60
auc_precision_recall/head2 : 0.40
average_loss/head1 : 8.75
average_loss/head2 : 15.00
loss/head1 : 8.75
loss/head2 : 15.00
preds = multi_head.predictions(logits)
print(preds[('head1', 'logits')])
tf.Tensor(
  [[-10.  10.]
   [-15.  10.]], shape=(2, 2), dtype=float32)

Usage with a canned estimator:

# In `input_fn`, specify labels as a dict keyed by head name:
def input_fn():
  features = ...
  labels1 = ...
  labels2 = ...
  return features, {'head1.name': labels1, 'head2.name': labels2}

# In `model_fn`, specify logits as a dict keyed by head name:
def model_fn(features, labels, mode):
  # Create simple heads and specify head name.
  head1 = tf.estimator.MultiClassHead(n_classes=3, name='head1')
  head2 = tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(name='head2')
  # Create MultiHead from two simple heads.
  head = tf.estimator.MultiHead([head1, head2])
  # Create logits for each head, and combine them into a dict.
  logits1, logits2 = logit_fn()
  logits = {'head1.name': logits1, 'head2.name': logits2}
  # Return the merged EstimatorSpec
  return head.create_estimator_spec(..., logits=logits, ...)

# Create an estimator with this model_fn.
estimator = tf.estimator.Estimator(model_fn=model_fn)
estimator.train(input_fn=input_fn)

Also supports logits as a Tensor of shape [D0, D1, ... DN, logits_dimension]. It will split the Tensor along the last dimension and distribute it appropriately among the heads. E.g.:

# Input logits.
logits = np.array([[-1., 1., 2., -2., 2.], [-1.5, 1., -3., 2., -2.]],
                  dtype=np.float32)
# Suppose head1 and head2 have the following logits dimension.
head1.logits_dimension = 2
head2.logits_dimension = 3
# After splitting, the result will be:
logits_dict = {'head1_name': [[-1., 1.], [-1.5, 1.]],
               'head2_name':  [[2., -2., 2.], [-3., 2., -2.]]}

Usage:

def model_fn(features, labels, mode):
  # Create simple heads and specify head name.
  head1 = tf.estimator.MultiClassHead(n_classes=3, name='head1')
  head2 = tf.estimator.BinaryClassHead(name='head2')
  # Create multi-head from two simple heads.
  head = tf.estimator.MultiHead([head1, head2])
  # Create logits for the multihead. The result of logits is a `Tensor`.
  logits = logit_fn(logits_dimension=head.logits_dimension)
  # Return the merged EstimatorSpec
  return head.create_estimator_spec(..., logits=logits, ...)

heads List or tuple of Head instances. All heads must have name specified. The first head in the list is the default used at serving time.
head_weights Optional list of weights, same length as heads. Used when merging losses to calculate the weighted sum of losses from each head. If None, all losses are weighted equally.

logits_dimension See base_head.Head for details.
loss_reduction See base_head.Head for details.
name See base_head.Head for details.

Methods

create_estimator_spec

View source

create_estimator_spec(
    features,
    mode,
    logits,
    labels=None,
    optimizer=None,
    trainable_variables=None,
    train_op_fn=None,
    update_ops=None,
    regularization_losses=None
)

Returns a model_fn.EstimatorSpec.

Args
features Input dict of Tensor or SparseTensor objects.
mode Estimator's ModeKeys.
logits Input dict keyed by head name, or logits Tensor with shape [D0, D1, ... DN, logits_dimension]. For many applications, the Tensor shape is [batch_size, logits_dimension]. If logits is a Tensor, it will split the Tensor along the last dimension and distribute it appropriately among the heads. Check MultiHead for examples.
labels Input dict keyed by head name. For each head, the label value can be integer or string Tensor with shape matching its corresponding logits.labels is a required argument when mode equals TRAIN or EVAL.
optimizer An tf.keras.optimizers.Optimizer instance to optimize the loss in TRAIN mode. Namely, sets train_op = optimizer.get_updates(loss, trainable_variables), which updates variables to minimize loss.
trainable_variables A list or tuple of Variable objects to update to minimize loss. In Tensorflow 1.x, by default these are the list of variables collected in the graph under the key GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES. As Tensorflow 2.x doesn't have collections and GraphKeys, trainable_variables need to be passed explicitly here.
train_op_fn Function that takes a scalar loss Tensor and returns train_op. Used if optimizer is None.
update_ops A list or tuple of update ops to be run at training time. For example, layers such as BatchNormalization create mean and variance update ops that need to be run at training time. In Tensorflow 1.x, these are thrown into an UPDATE_OPS collection. As Tensorflow 2.x doesn't have collections, update_ops need to be passed explicitly here.
regularization_losses A list of additional scalar losses to be added to the training loss, such as regularization losses. These losses are usually expressed as a batch average, so for best results, in each head, users need to use the default loss_reduction=SUM_OVER_BATCH_SIZE to avoid scaling errors. Compared to the regularization losses for each head, this loss is to regularize the merged loss of all heads in multi head, and will be added to the overall training loss of multi head.

Returns
A model_fn.EstimatorSpec instance.

Raises
ValueError If both train_op_fn and optimizer are None in TRAIN mode, or if both are set. If mode is not in Estimator's ModeKeys.

loss

View source

loss(
    labels, logits, features=None, mode=None, regularization_losses=None
)

Returns regularized training loss. See base_head.Head for details.

metrics

View source

metrics(
    regularization_losses=None
)

Creates metrics. See base_head.Head for details.

predictions

View source

predictions(
    logits, keys=None
)

Create predictions. See base_head.Head for details.

update_metrics

View source

update_metrics(
    eval_metrics, features, logits, labels, regularization_losses=None
)

Updates eval metrics. See base_head.Head for details.