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Descripción general
Este tutorial se centra en la transmisión de datos de un Elasticsearch clúster en un tf.data.Dataset que luego se utiliza en conjunción con tf.keras para la formación y la inferencia.
Elasticseach es principalmente un motor de búsqueda distribuido que admite el almacenamiento de datos estructurados, no estructurados, geoespaciales, numéricos, etc. A los efectos de este tutorial, se utiliza un conjunto de datos con registros estructurados.
Paquetes de instalación
El elasticsearch paquete se utiliza para la preparación y el almacenamiento de los datos dentro de los índices Elasticsearch para fines de demostración solamente. En clústeres de producción del mundo real con numerosos nodos, el clúster podría recibir los datos de conectores como logstash, etc.
Una vez que los datos están disponibles en el clúster elasticsearch, solamente tensorflow-io se requiere para transmitir los datos en los modelos.
Instale los paquetes de elasticsearch y tensorflow-io necesarios
pip install tensorflow-iopip install elasticsearch
Importar paquetes
import os
import time
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
from tensorflow.keras.layers.experimental import preprocessing
import tensorflow_io as tfio
Validar importaciones de tf y tfio
print("tensorflow-io version: {}".format(tfio.__version__))
print("tensorflow version: {}".format(tf.__version__))
tensorflow-io version: 0.16.0 tensorflow version: 2.3.0
Descargue y configure la instancia de Elasticsearch
Para fines de demostración, se utiliza la versión de código abierto del paquete elasticsearch.
wget -q https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss-7.9.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gzwget -q https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-oss-7.9.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512tar -xzf elasticsearch-oss-7.9.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gzsudo chown -R daemon:daemon elasticsearch-7.9.2/shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-oss-7.9.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512
elasticsearch-oss-7.9.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz: OK
Ejecute la instancia como un proceso daemon
sudo -H -u daemon elasticsearch-7.9.2/bin/elasticsearch
Starting job # 0 in a separate thread.
# Sleep for few seconds to let the instance start.
time.sleep(20)
Una vez que se ha iniciado la instancia, grep para elasticsearch en los procesos lista para confirmar la disponibilidad.
ps -ef | grep elasticsearch
root 144 142 0 21:24 ? 00:00:00 sudo -H -u daemon elasticsearch-7.9.2/bin/elasticsearch daemon 145 144 86 21:24 ? 00:00:17 /content/elasticsearch-7.9.2/jdk/bin/java -Xshare:auto -Des.networkaddress.cache.ttl=60 -Des.networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl=10 -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Xss1m -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0 -Dio.netty.allocator.numDirectArenas=0 -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true -Djava.locale.providers=SPI,COMPAT -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1ReservePercent=25 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=30 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp/elasticsearch-16913031424109346409 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=data -XX:ErrorFile=logs/hs_err_pid%p.log -Xlog:gc*,gc+age=trace,safepoint:file=logs/gc.log:utctime,pid,tags:filecount=32,filesize=64m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=536870912 -Des.path.home=/content/elasticsearch-7.9.2 -Des.path.conf=/content/elasticsearch-7.9.2/config -Des.distribution.flavor=oss -Des.distribution.type=tar -Des.bundled_jdk=true -cp /content/elasticsearch-7.9.2/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch root 382 380 0 21:24 ? 00:00:00 grep elasticsearch
consultar el punto final base para recuperar información sobre el clúster.
curl -sX GET "localhost:9200/"
{
"name" : "d1bc7d054c69",
"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
"cluster_uuid" : "P8YXfKqYS-OS3k9CdMmlsw",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.9.2",
"build_flavor" : "oss",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "d34da0ea4a966c4e49417f2da2f244e3e97b4e6e",
"build_date" : "2020-09-23T00:45:33.626720Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.6.2",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
Explore el conjunto de datos
Para el propósito de este tutorial, permite descargar el Petfinder conjunto de datos y alimentar los datos en elasticsearch manualmente. El objetivo de este problema de clasificación es predecir si la mascota será adoptada o no.
dataset_url = 'http://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/petfinder-mini.zip'
csv_file = 'datasets/petfinder-mini/petfinder-mini.csv'
tf.keras.utils.get_file('petfinder_mini.zip', dataset_url,
extract=True, cache_dir='.')
pf_df = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
Downloading data from http://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/petfinder-mini.zip 1671168/1668792 [==============================] - 0s 0us/step
pf_df.head()
A los efectos del tutorial, se realizan modificaciones en la columna de la etiqueta. 0 indicará que la mascota no fue adoptada y 1 indicará que lo fue.
# In the original dataset "4" indicates the pet was not adopted.
pf_df['target'] = np.where(pf_df['AdoptionSpeed']==4, 0, 1)
# Drop un-used columns.
pf_df = pf_df.drop(columns=['AdoptionSpeed', 'Description'])
# Number of datapoints and columns
len(pf_df), len(pf_df.columns)
(11537, 14)
Dividir el conjunto de datos
train_df, test_df = train_test_split(pf_df, test_size=0.3, shuffle=True)
print("Number of training samples: ",len(train_df))
print("Number of testing sample: ",len(test_df))
Number of training samples: 8075 Number of testing sample: 3462
Almacene los datos del tren y de la prueba en índices de búsqueda elástica
El almacenamiento de los datos en el clúster de búsqueda elástica local simula un entorno para la recuperación remota continua de datos con fines de capacitación e inferencia.
ES_NODES = "http://localhost:9200"
def prepare_es_data(index, doc_type, df):
records = df.to_dict(orient="records")
es_data = []
for idx, record in enumerate(records):
meta_dict = {
"index": {
"_index": index,
"_type": doc_type,
"_id": idx
}
}
es_data.append(meta_dict)
es_data.append(record)
return es_data
def index_es_data(index, es_data):
es_client = Elasticsearch(hosts = [ES_NODES])
if es_client.indices.exists(index):
print("deleting the '{}' index.".format(index))
res = es_client.indices.delete(index=index)
print("Response from server: {}".format(res))
print("creating the '{}' index.".format(index))
res = es_client.indices.create(index=index)
print("Response from server: {}".format(res))
print("bulk index the data")
res = es_client.bulk(index=index, body=es_data, refresh = True)
print("Errors: {}, Num of records indexed: {}".format(res["errors"], len(res["items"])))
train_es_data = prepare_es_data(index="train", doc_type="pet", df=train_df)
test_es_data = prepare_es_data(index="test", doc_type="pet", df=test_df)
index_es_data(index="train", es_data=train_es_data)
time.sleep(3)
index_es_data(index="test", es_data=test_es_data)
creating the 'train' index.
Response from server: {'acknowledged': True, 'shards_acknowledged': True, 'index': 'train'}
bulk index the data
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/elasticsearch/connection/base.py:190: ElasticsearchDeprecationWarning: [types removal] Specifying types in bulk requests is deprecated.
warnings.warn(message, category=ElasticsearchDeprecationWarning)
Errors: False, Num of records indexed: 8075
creating the 'test' index.
Response from server: {'acknowledged': True, 'shards_acknowledged': True, 'index': 'test'}
bulk index the data
Errors: False, Num of records indexed: 3462
Preparar conjuntos de datos tfio
Una vez que los datos están disponibles en el clúster, solamente tensorflow-io se requiere para transmitir los datos de los índices. El elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIODataset clase se utiliza para este propósito. Los hereda de la clase de tf.data.Dataset y por lo tanto expone todas las funcionalidades útiles de tf.data.Dataset fuera de la caja.
Conjunto de datos de entrenamiento
BATCH_SIZE=32
HEADERS = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
train_ds = tfio.experimental.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIODataset(
nodes=[ES_NODES],
index="train",
doc_type="pet",
headers=HEADERS
)
# Prepare a tuple of (features, label)
train_ds = train_ds.map(lambda v: (v, v.pop("target")))
train_ds = train_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
Connection successful: http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health
Conjunto de datos de prueba
test_ds = tfio.experimental.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIODataset(
nodes=[ES_NODES],
index="test",
doc_type="pet",
headers=HEADERS
)
# Prepare a tuple of (features, label)
test_ds = test_ds.map(lambda v: (v, v.pop("target")))
test_ds = test_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
Connection successful: http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health
Definir las capas de preprocesamiento de keras
Según el tutorial de datos estructurados , se recomienda utilizar las capas Keras de preprocesamiento , ya que son más intuitivo, y se puede integrar fácilmente con los modelos. Sin embargo, los estándares feature_columns también se puede utilizar.
Para una mejor comprensión de las preprocessing_layers en la clasificación de datos estructurados, consulte el tutorial de datos estructurados
def get_normalization_layer(name, dataset):
# Create a Normalization layer for our feature.
normalizer = preprocessing.Normalization()
# Prepare a Dataset that only yields our feature.
feature_ds = dataset.map(lambda x, y: x[name])
# Learn the statistics of the data.
normalizer.adapt(feature_ds)
return normalizer
def get_category_encoding_layer(name, dataset, dtype, max_tokens=None):
# Create a StringLookup layer which will turn strings into integer indices
if dtype == 'string':
index = preprocessing.StringLookup(max_tokens=max_tokens)
else:
index = preprocessing.IntegerLookup(max_values=max_tokens)
# Prepare a Dataset that only yields our feature
feature_ds = dataset.map(lambda x, y: x[name])
# Learn the set of possible values and assign them a fixed integer index.
index.adapt(feature_ds)
# Create a Discretization for our integer indices.
encoder = preprocessing.CategoryEncoding(max_tokens=index.vocab_size())
# Prepare a Dataset that only yields our feature.
feature_ds = feature_ds.map(index)
# Learn the space of possible indices.
encoder.adapt(feature_ds)
# Apply one-hot encoding to our indices. The lambda function captures the
# layer so you can use them, or include them in the functional model later.
return lambda feature: encoder(index(feature))
Obtenga un lote y observe las características de un registro de muestra. Esto ayudará a la hora de definir las capas Keras de pre-procesamiento para la formación del tf.keras modelo.
ds_iter = iter(train_ds)
features, label = next(ds_iter)
{key: value.numpy()[0] for key,value in features.items()}
{'Age': 2,
'Breed1': b'Tabby',
'Color1': b'Black',
'Color2': b'Cream',
'Fee': 0,
'FurLength': b'Short',
'Gender': b'Male',
'Health': b'Healthy',
'MaturitySize': b'Small',
'PhotoAmt': 4,
'Sterilized': b'No',
'Type': b'Cat',
'Vaccinated': b'No'}
Elija un subconjunto de características.
all_inputs = []
encoded_features = []
# Numeric features.
for header in ['PhotoAmt', 'Fee']:
numeric_col = tf.keras.Input(shape=(1,), name=header)
normalization_layer = get_normalization_layer(header, train_ds)
encoded_numeric_col = normalization_layer(numeric_col)
all_inputs.append(numeric_col)
encoded_features.append(encoded_numeric_col)
# Categorical features encoded as string.
categorical_cols = ['Type', 'Color1', 'Color2', 'Gender', 'MaturitySize',
'FurLength', 'Vaccinated', 'Sterilized', 'Health', 'Breed1']
for header in categorical_cols:
categorical_col = tf.keras.Input(shape=(1,), name=header, dtype='string')
encoding_layer = get_category_encoding_layer(header, train_ds, dtype='string',
max_tokens=5)
encoded_categorical_col = encoding_layer(categorical_col)
all_inputs.append(categorical_col)
encoded_features.append(encoded_categorical_col)
Construir, compilar y entrenar el modelo.
# Set the parameters
OPTIMIZER="adam"
LOSS=tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
METRICS=['accuracy']
EPOCHS=10
# Convert the feature columns into a tf.keras layer
all_features = tf.keras.layers.concatenate(encoded_features)
# design/build the model
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(32, activation="relu")(all_features)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation="relu")(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)(x)
output = tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)(x)
model = tf.keras.Model(all_inputs, output)
tf.keras.utils.plot_model(model, rankdir='LR', show_shapes=True)
# compile the model
model.compile(optimizer=OPTIMIZER, loss=LOSS, metrics=METRICS)
# fit the model
model.fit(train_ds, epochs=EPOCHS)
Epoch 1/10 /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/functional.py:543: UserWarning: Input dict contained keys ['Age'] which did not match any model input. They will be ignored by the model. [n for n in tensors.keys() if n not in ref_input_names]) 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.6169 - accuracy: 0.6042 Epoch 2/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.5634 - accuracy: 0.6937 Epoch 3/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5573 - accuracy: 0.6981 Epoch 4/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5528 - accuracy: 0.7087 Epoch 5/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.5512 - accuracy: 0.7173 Epoch 6/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5456 - accuracy: 0.7219 Epoch 7/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5397 - accuracy: 0.7283 Epoch 8/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.5385 - accuracy: 0.7331 Epoch 9/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5355 - accuracy: 0.7326 Epoch 10/10 253/253 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5412 - accuracy: 0.7321 <tensorflow.python.keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f5c235112e8>
Inferir sobre los datos de la prueba
res = model.evaluate(test_ds)
print("test loss, test acc:", res)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/functional.py:543: UserWarning: Input dict contained keys ['Age'] which did not match any model input. They will be ignored by the model. [n for n in tensors.keys() if n not in ref_input_names]) 109/109 [==============================] - 2s 15ms/step - loss: 0.5344 - accuracy: 0.7421 test loss, test acc: [0.534355640411377, 0.7420566082000732]